1
What is 25% of 480?
Correct answer: B. 120
25% means one-quarter, so 480 ÷ 4 = 120.
easy
Percentages, Profit and Loss MCQs
Solved Percentages, Profit and Loss MCQs with step-by-step solutions: percentage change, discounts, cost and selling price for PPSC, FPSC and NTS tests.
25 MCQsUpdated 27 October 2026
These MCQs cover percentages, salary increases, profit and loss, marked price and discount, and marks percentages, with clear working for each answer.
Always note what the percentage is calculated on: profit and loss are based on the cost price, while discount is based on the marked price. That one point decides many of these questions.
- 2
18 is what percent of 120?
Correct answer: D. 15%
(18 ÷ 120) × 100 = 15%.
easy - 3
40% of a number is 240. What is the number?
Correct answer: D. 600
Number = 240 ÷ 0.40 = 600.
easy - 4
A salary of Rs. 1,200 is increased by 15%. What is the new salary?
Correct answer: C. Rs. 1,380
Increase = 15% of 1,200 = 180, so new salary = 1,200 + 180 = Rs. 1,380.
easy - 5
The price of a bag falls from Rs. 750 to Rs. 600. What is the percentage decrease?
Correct answer: C. 20%
Decrease = 150. Percentage decrease = (150 ÷ 750) × 100 = 20%.
medium - 6
A shopkeeper buys a fan for Rs. 800 and sells it at a profit of 20%. What is the selling price?
Correct answer: D. Rs. 960
Profit = 20% of 800 = 160, so selling price = 800 + 160 = Rs. 960.
easy - 7
An article bought for Rs. 1,000 is sold for Rs. 1,300. What is the profit percentage?
Correct answer: B. 30%
Profit = 300. Profit % = (300 ÷ 1,000) × 100 = 30%. Profit percentage is always calculated on the cost price.
easy - 8
A watch costing Rs. 500 is sold for Rs. 425. What is the loss percentage?
Correct answer: D. 15%
Loss = 75. Loss % = (75 ÷ 500) × 100 = 15%.
easy - 9
By selling a chair for Rs. 1,150, a carpenter earns a 15% profit. What was the cost price?
Correct answer: D. Rs. 1,000
SP = 115% of CP, so CP = 1,150 ÷ 1.15 = Rs. 1,000.
medium - 10
A shirt marked at Rs. 2,400 is sold at a 10% discount. What is the sale price?
Correct answer: D. Rs. 2,160
Discount = 10% of 2,400 = 240, so sale price = 2,400 − 240 = Rs. 2,160.
easy - 11
A price is first increased by 20% and then decreased by 20%. What is the net change?
Correct answer: C. 4% decrease
Take 100: after +20% it is 120; after −20% it is 120 × 0.8 = 96. Net change = 4% decrease.
medium - 12
A population of 2,000 grows by 10% every year. What will it be after 2 years?
Correct answer: B. 2,420
After year 1: 2,000 × 1.1 = 2,200. After year 2: 2,200 × 1.1 = 2,420.
medium - 13
A student scores 60 marks out of 75. What is the percentage?
Correct answer: C. 80%
(60 ÷ 75) × 100 = 80%.
easy - 14
To pass an exam, a student needs 33% marks. He gets 120 marks and fails by 45 marks. What are the maximum marks?
Correct answer: B. 500
Passing marks = 120 + 45 = 165. 33% of maximum = 165, so maximum = 165 ÷ 0.33 = 500.
hard - 15
If A’s income is 20% more than B’s, by what percent is B’s income less than A’s?
Correct answer: D. 16.67%
Take B = 100, so A = 120. B is less by 20 out of 120 = (20 ÷ 120) × 100 = 16.67%.
hard - 16
A bank pays 8% annual profit on a deposit of Rs. 5,000. How much profit is earned in one year?
Correct answer: B. Rs. 400
8% of 5,000 = 0.08 × 5,000 = Rs. 400.
easy - 17
A seller made a 20% profit by selling a phone for Rs. 900. What was the profit amount?
Correct answer: A. Rs. 150
CP = 900 ÷ 1.2 = 750. Profit = 900 − 750 = Rs. 150.
medium - 18
The cost price of 10 pens equals the selling price of 8 pens. What is the profit percentage?
Correct answer: C. 25%
Let each pen cost Rs. 1. CP of 8 pens = 8, SP of 8 pens = 10. Profit = 2 on 8, so (2 ÷ 8) × 100 = 25%.
hard - 19
After spending 25% of his salary, a man has Rs. 3,000 left. What is his salary?
Correct answer: C. Rs. 4,000
75% of salary = 3,000, so salary = 3,000 ÷ 0.75 = Rs. 4,000.
medium - 20
The fraction 1/8 expressed as a percentage is:
Correct answer: A. 12.5%
1 ÷ 8 = 0.125, and 0.125 × 100 = 12.5%.
easy