Programming, Flowcharts and Database Basics MCQs

Solved MCQs on programming basics, algorithms, flowchart symbols, programming languages, errors and database concepts such as tables, records, fields and keys.

1. 1

   A step-by-step set of instructions for solving a problem is called an:

   AIconBOperating systemCAlgorithmDInterface

   Correct answer: C. Algorithm

   An algorithm is a precise sequence of steps. A program is an algorithm written in a programming language.

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2. 2

   In a flowchart, which symbol represents a decision (yes/no)?

   ADiamondBOvalCRectangleDParallelogram

   Correct answer: A. Diamond

   A diamond shows a decision with two or more possible paths, such as "Is marks ≥ 33?".

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3. 3

   In a flowchart, which symbol represents the start or end of a process?

   ACircleBDiamondCOval (terminator)DRectangle

   Correct answer: C. Oval (terminator)

   The rounded oval, or terminator, marks where a flowchart begins and ends.

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4. 4

   In a flowchart, which symbol represents input or output?

   AOvalBParallelogramCDiamondDRectangle

   Correct answer: B. Parallelogram

   A parallelogram is used for input (such as reading a value) and output (such as printing a result).

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5. 5

   In a flowchart, a rectangle represents:

   AA connectorBA process or calculation stepCThe start of the programDA decision

   Correct answer: B. A process or calculation step

   Rectangles show actions or calculations, such as "Total = A + B".

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6. 6

   The only language a computer's processor understands directly is:

   APythonBHTMLCMachine language (binary code)DEnglish

   Correct answer: C. Machine language (binary code)

   Processors execute machine code made of 0s and 1s. Programs in other languages must be translated into it.

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7. 7

   Which of the following is a high-level programming language?

   APythonBBinaryCMachine codeDAssembly language

   Correct answer: A. Python

   High-level languages such as Python, Java and C++ use English-like words. Assembly and machine code are low-level.

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8. 8

   HTML is best described as a:

   AOperating systemBDatabase systemCProgramming languageDMarkup language for structuring web pages

   Correct answer: D. Markup language for structuring web pages

   HTML (HyperText Markup Language) describes the structure of web content. It does not contain programming logic like loops or conditions.

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9. 9

   An error in a program caused by breaking the rules of the programming language, such as a missing bracket, is a:

   ARuntime errorBSyntax errorCLogic errorDHardware error

   Correct answer: B. Syntax error

   Syntax errors stop the program from being translated. Logic errors let it run but produce wrong results.

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10. 10

    A program runs but gives the wrong result, for example adding instead of subtracting. This is a:

    ACompilation errorBSyntax errorCLogic errorDVirus

    Correct answer: C. Logic error

    Logic errors are mistakes in the program's reasoning. The computer cannot detect them, so careful testing is needed.

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12. 11

    Finding and fixing errors in a program is called:

    ADebuggingBCompilingCBootingDFormatting

    Correct answer: A. Debugging

    Debugging means locating and correcting bugs (errors) in a program.

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13. 12

    In programming, a named storage location whose value can change while the program runs is called a:

    AVariableBFunctionCConstantDComment

    Correct answer: A. Variable

    A variable such as "total" can hold different values during execution. A constant's value stays fixed.

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14. 13

    A programming structure that repeats a set of instructions is called a:

    AConditionBCommentCVariableDLoop

    Correct answer: D. Loop

    Loops such as "for" and "while" repeat steps until a condition is met, for example processing every student's marks.

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15. 14

    The original program written by a programmer in a programming language is called:

    ASource codeBObject codeCBinary fileDMachine code

    Correct answer: A. Source code

    Source code is human-readable. A compiler translates it into object or machine code.

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16. 15

    In a database table, a single row representing one item (for example one student) is called a:

    AKeyBQueryCFieldDRecord

    Correct answer: D. Record

    Each record holds all the data about one entry. The columns of the table are fields.

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17. 16

    In a database table, a column such as "Name" or "Roll Number" is called a:

    AReportBFormCRecordDField

    Correct answer: D. Field

    A field stores one type of information for every record, such as names or dates of birth.

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18. 17

    A field that uniquely identifies each record in a database table is called the:

    AIndexBQueryCForeign keyDPrimary key

    Correct answer: D. Primary key

    A primary key, such as a CNIC number or roll number, can never be repeated or left empty.

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19. 18

    A field in one table that refers to the primary key of another table is called a:

    AMacroBForeign keyCComposite recordDPrimary key

    Correct answer: B. Foreign key

    Foreign keys link related tables. For example, a Results table can store a Student ID that refers to the Students table.

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20. 19

    Which SQL command is used to retrieve data from a database?

    ADELETEBUPDATECINSERTDSELECT

    Correct answer: D. SELECT

    SELECT reads data. INSERT adds new records, UPDATE changes existing ones and DELETE removes them.

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21. 20

    Which Microsoft Office program is a database management system?

    APowerPointBExcelCWordDAccess

    Correct answer: D. Access

    Microsoft Access stores data in related tables and provides queries, forms and reports.

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