Solved GK MCQs on the world's important treaties, pacts and accords, and agreements in the history of the subcontinent and Pakistan, with background for each, for PPSC, FPSC and CSS preparation.
This set explains the treaties that shaped the world and the subcontinent, from Westphalia, Tordesillas and Lausanne to Camp David and Oslo, and agreements that concern Pakistan directly, such as the Karachi Agreement, the Liaquat–Nehru Pact and the Geneva Accords.
For each treaty, learn three things: the year, the parties and the main result. Examiners often swap these between treaties, so knowing all three protects you from close distractors.
Correct answer: A. Thirty Years' War
The treaties signed in Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe and established the principle that states are sovereign within their own borders.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. United States
Britain formally recognised the United States as independent in 1783, seven years after the Declaration of Independence of 1776.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Napoleon
European powers met at Vienna to restore stability after the Napoleonic Wars, creating a balance of power that kept peace between the great powers for decades.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Sèvres
Turkish resistance led by Mustafa Kemal overturned the harsh Treaty of Sèvres (1920); Lausanne recognised Turkey's sovereignty and borders.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Spain and Portugal
The treaty drew a line west of the Cape Verde islands: lands to the west went to Spain and to the east to Portugal, which is why Brazil speaks Portuguese.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Egypt and Israel
Egypt's Anwar Sadat and Israel's Menachem Begin agreed at Camp David, leading to a 1979 peace treaty; Sadat and Begin shared the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Palestine Liberation Organization
Israel and the PLO recognised each other and set up the Palestinian Authority for limited self-rule, but the promised final settlement was never reached.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. European Union
Signed in the Netherlands, the Maastricht Treaty created the European Union and laid the foundations for the single currency, the euro.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. 1968
The NPT was signed in 1968 and came into force in 1970. Pakistan, like India and Israel, has never joined it.
Correct answer: C. Afghanistan
Pakistan and Afghanistan signed the Geneva Accords in April 1988; Soviet troops completed their withdrawal from Afghanistan in February 1989.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Afghan Taliban
The agreement set terms for the withdrawal of US and NATO forces from Afghanistan, which was completed in August 2021.
Correct answer: D. Kashmir
Signed under UN supervision after the first Kashmir war, the Karachi Agreement fixed the ceasefire line; the 1972 Simla Agreement renamed it the Line of Control.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. protection of minorities in both countries
Signed in Delhi in April 1950 by Prime Ministers Liaquat Ali Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru, it guaranteed the rights and safety of religious minorities in Pakistan and India.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Afghanistan
During the Second Anglo-Afghan War, Amir Yaqub Khan accepted British control of Afghanistan's foreign affairs and gave up areas including the Khyber Pass.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Gulab Singh
After the First Anglo-Sikh War, the East India Company sold Kashmir to Gulab Singh of Jammu for 75 lakh rupees, founding the Dogra dynasty of Jammu and Kashmir.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Indian National Congress
Through the efforts of Quaid-e-Azam, whom Sarojini Naidu called the "Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity", the Congress accepted separate electorates for Muslims.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. reduce greenhouse gas emissions
The Kyoto Protocol set binding emission targets for industrialised countries under the UN climate convention; it was later followed by the Paris Agreement (2015).
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. ozone layer
It phases out ozone-depleting chemicals such as CFCs and is widely regarded as the most successful environmental treaty, as the ozone layer is now slowly recovering.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Hong Kong Island
China ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain and opened five ports to foreign trade. Hong Kong was returned to China in 1997.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Soviet Union
The Soviet Union and seven Eastern European states formed the Warsaw Pact in response to West Germany joining NATO; it was dissolved in 1991.
Read details